Comparative Evaluation Of Anti – Bacterial Efficacy Of Sodium Hypochlorite And Carbolic Acid Against Enterococcus Faecalis As Root Canal Irrigant.

Background: Elimination of microorganisms from infected root canal is a complicated & difficult task. Elimination or sufficient reduction of irritants, microorganisms and prevention of recontamination of the root canal after the treatment is the essential factor for successes of the treatment. Methods: Following materials required for this study i.e. 36 teeth prepared for root canal inoculation, Enterococcus faecalis strain, 5 % and 10 % carbolic acid solution, 5.25 % sodium hypochlorite solution, phosphate buffer saline and normal saline solution. An overnight subculture plate of E.faecalis was taken for inoculum preparation and uniform suspension made in normal saline (02 ml) by taking up isolated colonies and adjusted to 0.5 McFarland standard which gives 1.5 X 108 cfu / ml. Result and Conclusion: From this study, we can conclude that 5.25 % NaOCl is one of the superior and successful endodontic irrigant against 5 % and 10% carbolic acid.In our study, result shows that sodium hypochlorite solution is superior to carbolic acid solution. However, as this study is in vitro study, not simulate the oral environment; further few clinical studies are required in evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of these solutions for predictable and successful endodontic outcome.

Bilateral phyllodes tumor of the breast in a young nulliparous woman.

Cystosarcoma phyllodes is a rare breast tumor with incidence of 1% of all the mammary tumors. Bilateral occurrence is very rare. Median age of presentation is 40-50 years. We present a case of 24 years old nulliparous female with phyllodes tumour developing in both the breasts one after another with a gap of five years. Patient underwent simple mastectomy on both sides. Histopathology report confirmed benign variety of cystosarcoma phyllodes on both sides.

Seasonal dynamics of wheat aphid complex and predator Coccinella septempunctata in relation to abiotic and biotic factors.

Seasonal dynamics studies on wheat aphid complex, comprising of four major species and its predator Coccinella septempunctata were conducted in context to abiotic and biotic factors. The alate form of aphids appeared on the crop during the Ist week of December. The colony build up of aphid complex started during the 2nd week of January and peak was observed after the Ist week of March. Wheat aphid complex started declining in the last week of March and disappeared by mid April. The abiotic factors like maximum temperature and evaporation were most important for the buildup of aphids. The grubs and adults of C. septempunctata appeared on the crop during mid February and their population increased with the increase in aphid population. The grubs and adult population showed a strong positive correlation with aphid complex. The population of predators had significant positive correlation with maximum, minimum, mean temperature, sunshine and vapour pressure. The population of aphids declined after the 2nd week of March due to the rise in temperature, crop maturity and this in turn resulted in the lowering of the predator population. The studies evaluate in detail the abiotic and biotic factors regulating the wheat aphid complex and C. septempunctata populations under wheat agro-ecosystem.

Prevalence of uropathogens in various age groups & their resistance pattern in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India.

Background: The prevalence of multidrug resistance among uropathogens in rapidly increasing. Analysis of the prevalence in various age groups and the common antimicrobial co-resistance pattern of uropathogens isolated from patients in a tertiary care hospital would have important implication for patient care. Methods: A total of 1383 urine samples received during year 2010 were processed. Urine microscopy & culture was done using standard microbiological techniques. Organisms were identified by standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done as per CLSI guidelines.Results: A total of 426 uropathogens were isolated. E coli were seen in 65.96 % (most common) followed by Klebsiella spp. 12.44%. Enterococcus was the commonest Gram positive isolate (5.86%). Urinary tract infection (UTI) was seen in 59.86% females as compared to 40.14% males. Average antimicrobial resistance for E.coli 75.74%, Klebsiella spp. 47.45%, Proteus 65.54%, Pseudomonas 75.89%, Enterococci 66.54%, Staphylococcus aureus 39.28%, Staphylococcus saprophyticus 47.79%.

Chromoblastomycosis.

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection primarily of skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by a variety of dematiaceous fungal species belonging to different genera. We report a case which remains undiagnosed for 15 years although it presented with the most common manifestation. It was diagnosed and treated with excellent clinico-microbiological and histo-pathological correlation.

Study of bacteriological pattern of suspected cases of meningitis.

Meningitis is an inflammatory condition of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. Present study was carried out to know The pattern of bacteriology of suspected cases of meningitis and to find the rate of susceptibility of various age groups. This work is a bacteriological, cytological and biochemical study of cerebrospinal fluid collected from patients clinically suspected of meningitis, and admitted in Civil hospital, Ahmedabad during the period of 5th April 1999 to 11th May 2000. Higher incidences (34 %) of bacteriological positive cases were found among the patients below one year of age. Most commonly isolated organisms was S.aureus (54.1 %) followed by E.coli and klebsiella. Study shows mortality rate of 29.16 %